Phytomicrobiome for promoting sustainable agriculture and food security Microbiological Research: Volume 248

Phytomicrobiome for promoting sustainable agriculture and food security: Opportunities, challenges, and solutions

Author: Gowardhan Kumar Chouhan, Jay Prakash Verma, Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal, Arpan Mukherjee, Saurabh Singh, Arthur Prudêncio de Araujo Pereirac, Hongwei Liu, Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah, Brajesh Kumar Singh

Highlights​

• Harnessing phytomicrobiome is a novel approach to develop synthetic and culturable consortia.
• In situ manipulations of indigenous phytomicrobiome can stimulate activities of beneficial microbiota.
• Identification of plant-associated core and hub microbiota can provide effective inoculants.
• Phytomicrobiome can provide future tools to increase productivity and sustainability.

Abstract​

Ensuring food security in an environmentally sustainable way is a global challenge. To achieve this agriculture productivity requires increasing by 70 % under increasingly harsh climatic conditions without further damaging the environmental quality (e.g. reduced use of agrochemicals). Most governmental and inter-governmental agencies have highlighted the need for alternative approaches that harness natural resource to address this. Use of beneficial phytomicrobiome, (i.e. microbes intimately associated with plant tissues) is considered as one of the viable solutions to meet the twin challenges of food security and environmental sustainability. A diverse number of important microbes are found in various parts of the plant, i.e. root, shoot, leaf, seed, and flower, which play significant roles in plant health, development and productivity, and could contribute directly to improving the quality and quantity of food production. The phytomicrobiome can also increase productivity via increased resource use efficiency and resilience to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this article, we explore the role of phytomicrobiome in plant health and how functional properties of microbiome can be harnessed to increase agricultural productivity in environmental-friendly approaches. However, significant technical and translation challenges remain such as inconsistency in efficacy of microbial products in field conditions and a lack of tools to manipulate microbiome in situ. We propose pathways that require a system-based approach to realize the potential to phytomicrobiome in contributing towards food security. We suggest if these technical and translation constraints could be systematically addressed, phytomicrobiome can significantly contribute towards the sustainable increase in agriculture productivity and food security.