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<blockquote data-quote="Bogweevil" data-source="post: 7432194" data-attributes="member: 48190"><p>Here you go, AHDB 2016:</p><p></p><p>Silicon</p><p></p><p>There is some evidence that silicates and silicon can induce biostimulant responses, in</p><p>addition to pest and disease tolerance. Effects include alleviation of salt stress, adverse</p><p>climate conditions, drought stress and nutrient deficiency. A recent study found that seedpriming with Si resulted in maize plants that were more tolerant of alkaline stress (Latef &</p><p>Tran, 2016), and delay of plant senescence processes has also been demonstrated. Again,</p><p>the modes of action for these effects are poorly understood, with suggestions including</p><p>anatomical changes in plant tissues, enhancement of the antioxidant defence system in</p><p>plants, immobilisation of complex metals, or modulation of gene expression and signalling</p><p>via phytohormones (Savvas & Ntatsi, 2015).</p><p></p><p>A lot of research indicates that Si is linked to improved pest and disease tolerance of crops.</p><p>Wheat plants with applied Si had a greater resistance to green-aphids (Schizaphis graminum</p><p>(Rond.)). Si addition was also found to reduce powdery mildew severity in wheat (Guével et</p><p>al., 2007), with root applications being more effective than foliar applications, but this did not</p><p>translate to any improvement in plant growth. In addition, applications of Si resulted in</p><p>significant reductions in grazing of wheat plants by rabbits (Cotterill et al., 2007) and slug</p><p>feeding on wheat seedlings (Griffin et al., 2015). There is also evidence of mechanical</p><p>benefits: Si can accumulate in cell walls forming phytoliths and strengthen stems, resulting in</p><p>reduced lodging (Ma, 2004; Liang et al., 1994). Phytoliths are formed in cell walls when silica</p><p>is deposited into polymerised SiO2 (Savvas & Ntatsi, 2015). Hypothesised modes of action</p><p>include Si acting as a physical barrier, preventing penetration by pests and stimulation of</p><p>natural defence mechanisms (Pilon-Smits et al., 2009, Savvas and Ntatsi, 2015).</p><p></p><p>Barley and wheat are both thought to be accumulators of silicon with shoot dry weight</p><p>concentrations of 1.8% and 2.5% respectively (Guntzer et al., 2012). Whilst not an essential</p><p>nutrient, improved plant growth in the presence of Si has been demonstrated for a range of</p><p>plant species (Liang et al., 2007). Since most crop species can either accumulate or tolerate </p><p>increases in Si availability, it is potentially less risky to apply Si to crops than other beneficial</p><p>elements. There is limited evidence for Si interaction with OSR, with most literature reporting</p><p>on interactions with cereal crops. This area therefore warrants further investigation. </p><p></p><p>Silicon There is some evidence that silicates and silicon can induce biostimulant responses, in addition to pest and disease tolerance. Effects include alleviation of salt stress, adverse climate conditions, drought stress and nutrient deficiency. A recent study found that seed priming with Si resulted in maize plants that were more tolerant of alkaline stress (Latef & Tran, 2016), and delay of plant senescence processes has also been demonstrated. Again, the modes of action for these effects are poorly understood, with suggestions including anatomical changes in plant tissues, enhancement of the antioxidant defence system in plants, immobilisation of complex metals, or modulation of gene expression and signalling via phytohormones (Savvas & Ntatsi, 2015). </p><p></p><p>A lot of research indicates that Si is linked to improved pest and disease tolerance of crops. Wheat plants with applied Si had a greater resistance to green-aphids (Schizaphis graminum (Rond.)). Si addition was also found to reduce powdery mildew severity in wheat (Guével et al., 2007), with root applications being more effective than foliar applications, but this did not translate to any improvement in plant growth. In addition, applications of Si resulted in significant reductions in grazing of wheat plants by rabbits (Cotterill et al., 2007) and slug feeding on wheat seedlings (Griffin et al., 2015). There is also evidence of mechanical benefits: Si can accumulate in cell walls forming phytoliths and strengthen stems, resulting in reduced lodging (Ma, 2004; Liang et al., 1994). Phytoliths are formed in cell walls when silica is deposited into polymerised SiO2 (Savvas & Ntatsi, 2015). </p><p></p><p>Hypothesised modes of action include Si acting as a physical barrier, preventing penetration by pests and stimulation of natural defence mechanisms (Pilon-Smits et al., 2009, Savvas and Ntatsi, 2015). Barley and wheat are both thought to be accumulators of silicon with shoot dry weight concentrations of 1.8% and 2.5% respectively (Guntzer et al., 2012). Whilst not an essential nutrient, improved plant growth in the presence of Si has been demonstrated for a range of plant species (Liang et al., 2007). Since most crop species can either accumulate or tolerate 57 increases in Si availability, it is potentially less risky to apply Si to crops than other beneficial elements. </p><p></p><p>There is limited evidence for Si interaction with OSR, with most literature reporting on interactions with cereal crops. This area therefore warrants further investigation.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Bogweevil, post: 7432194, member: 48190"] Here you go, AHDB 2016: Silicon There is some evidence that silicates and silicon can induce biostimulant responses, in addition to pest and disease tolerance. Effects include alleviation of salt stress, adverse climate conditions, drought stress and nutrient deficiency. A recent study found that seedpriming with Si resulted in maize plants that were more tolerant of alkaline stress (Latef & Tran, 2016), and delay of plant senescence processes has also been demonstrated. Again, the modes of action for these effects are poorly understood, with suggestions including anatomical changes in plant tissues, enhancement of the antioxidant defence system in plants, immobilisation of complex metals, or modulation of gene expression and signalling via phytohormones (Savvas & Ntatsi, 2015). A lot of research indicates that Si is linked to improved pest and disease tolerance of crops. Wheat plants with applied Si had a greater resistance to green-aphids (Schizaphis graminum (Rond.)). Si addition was also found to reduce powdery mildew severity in wheat (Guével et al., 2007), with root applications being more effective than foliar applications, but this did not translate to any improvement in plant growth. In addition, applications of Si resulted in significant reductions in grazing of wheat plants by rabbits (Cotterill et al., 2007) and slug feeding on wheat seedlings (Griffin et al., 2015). There is also evidence of mechanical benefits: Si can accumulate in cell walls forming phytoliths and strengthen stems, resulting in reduced lodging (Ma, 2004; Liang et al., 1994). Phytoliths are formed in cell walls when silica is deposited into polymerised SiO2 (Savvas & Ntatsi, 2015). Hypothesised modes of action include Si acting as a physical barrier, preventing penetration by pests and stimulation of natural defence mechanisms (Pilon-Smits et al., 2009, Savvas and Ntatsi, 2015). Barley and wheat are both thought to be accumulators of silicon with shoot dry weight concentrations of 1.8% and 2.5% respectively (Guntzer et al., 2012). Whilst not an essential nutrient, improved plant growth in the presence of Si has been demonstrated for a range of plant species (Liang et al., 2007). Since most crop species can either accumulate or tolerate increases in Si availability, it is potentially less risky to apply Si to crops than other beneficial elements. There is limited evidence for Si interaction with OSR, with most literature reporting on interactions with cereal crops. This area therefore warrants further investigation. Silicon There is some evidence that silicates and silicon can induce biostimulant responses, in addition to pest and disease tolerance. Effects include alleviation of salt stress, adverse climate conditions, drought stress and nutrient deficiency. A recent study found that seed priming with Si resulted in maize plants that were more tolerant of alkaline stress (Latef & Tran, 2016), and delay of plant senescence processes has also been demonstrated. Again, the modes of action for these effects are poorly understood, with suggestions including anatomical changes in plant tissues, enhancement of the antioxidant defence system in plants, immobilisation of complex metals, or modulation of gene expression and signalling via phytohormones (Savvas & Ntatsi, 2015). A lot of research indicates that Si is linked to improved pest and disease tolerance of crops. Wheat plants with applied Si had a greater resistance to green-aphids (Schizaphis graminum (Rond.)). Si addition was also found to reduce powdery mildew severity in wheat (Guével et al., 2007), with root applications being more effective than foliar applications, but this did not translate to any improvement in plant growth. In addition, applications of Si resulted in significant reductions in grazing of wheat plants by rabbits (Cotterill et al., 2007) and slug feeding on wheat seedlings (Griffin et al., 2015). There is also evidence of mechanical benefits: Si can accumulate in cell walls forming phytoliths and strengthen stems, resulting in reduced lodging (Ma, 2004; Liang et al., 1994). Phytoliths are formed in cell walls when silica is deposited into polymerised SiO2 (Savvas & Ntatsi, 2015). Hypothesised modes of action include Si acting as a physical barrier, preventing penetration by pests and stimulation of natural defence mechanisms (Pilon-Smits et al., 2009, Savvas and Ntatsi, 2015). Barley and wheat are both thought to be accumulators of silicon with shoot dry weight concentrations of 1.8% and 2.5% respectively (Guntzer et al., 2012). Whilst not an essential nutrient, improved plant growth in the presence of Si has been demonstrated for a range of plant species (Liang et al., 2007). Since most crop species can either accumulate or tolerate 57 increases in Si availability, it is potentially less risky to apply Si to crops than other beneficial elements. There is limited evidence for Si interaction with OSR, with most literature reporting on interactions with cereal crops. This area therefore warrants further investigation. [/QUOTE]
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