I can see it from both sides,
Problem 1 is a bad employee that just has no thought for others, and will pull a sicky when they cannot be arsed and not only let themselves down but also the rest of the team by creating extra work for them left at work, or calling in extra staff,
Problem 2 is inconsiderate employers, that don't include there staff in discussions about what and why we are doing things this way, and how we want to move the business forward, they are usually not approachable, and staff are not keen to communicate with the employer if they are genuinely sick till last minute,
One way to keep them focused on work is a no absence bonus, this could be built in as part of a pay rise, £400 in a pot on the 15th of January, equals sub £8 a week,
Every day they are off for no good reason, then they loss £40 from the pot,
so if off 3 days for no reason they loss £120, leaving £280 to be paid in their pay day after 15th of January, they get taxed on it, and it's offset as a wages cost on your books, yet make it clear if injury is caused at work, it will be not counted as loss of bonus, as the employer should know it's a genuine sick period,
I say 15th of January as there seems to be more sickies over the Xmas period that are drink related, the bonus keeps them focused,
The best way to do it is loose the “no good reason part...” regardless of weather you were ill or your nan died you still weren’t in work earning the bonus so your not entitled too it? .... place I used too work did for every month you worked without any time off (excluding holidays obviously) you got an extra day off work ... so 12 days extra a year if you were never off sick....